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游戏131.网络游戏

释放原子的能量的核战术解析

整理：游戏131
作者：网络收集 时间：2022-06-09 12:30:45

原子弹是怎样释放巨大能量的？

原子弹是核武器之一。核武器是指利用能自持进行核裂变或聚变反应释放的能量，产生爆炸作用，并具有大规模杀伤破坏效应的武器的总称。其中主要利用铀235或钚239等重原子核的裂变链式反应原理制成的裂变武器，通常称为原子弹。主要利用重氢或超重氢等轻原子核的热核反应原理制成的热核武器或聚变武器，通常称为氢弹。

煤、石油等矿物燃料燃烧时释放的能量，来自碳、氢、氧的化合反应。一般化学炸药如梯恩梯爆炸时释放的能量，来自化合物的分解反应。在这些化学反应里，碳、氢、氧、氮等原子核都没有变化，只是各个原子之间的组合状态有了变化。核反应与化学反应则不一样。在核裂变或核聚变反应里，参与反应的原子核都转变成其他原子核，原子也发生了变化。因此，人们习惯上称这类武器为原子武器。但实质上是原子核的反应与转变，所以称核武器更为确切。

核武器爆炸时释放的能量，比只装化学炸药的常规武器要大得多。例如，1千克铀全部裂变释放的能量约81013焦耳，比1千克梯恩梯炸药爆炸释放的能量4.19106焦耳约大2000万倍。因此，核武器爆炸释放的总能量，即其威力的大小，常用释放相同能量的梯恩梯炸药量来表示，称为梯恩梯当量。美、苏等国装备的各种核武器的梯恩梯当量，小的仅1000吨，甚至更低；大的达1000万吨，甚至更高。

核武器爆炸，不仅释放的能量巨大，而且核反应过程非常迅速，微秒级的时间内即可完成。因此，在核武器爆炸周围不大的范围内形成极高的温度，加热并压缩周围空气使之急速膨胀，产生高压冲击波。地面和空中核爆炸，还会在周围空气中形成火球，发出很强的光辐射。核反应还产生各种射线和放射性物质碎片；向外辐射的强脉冲射线与周围物质相互作用，造成电流的增长和消失过程，其结果又产生电磁脉冲。这些不同于化学炸药爆炸的特征，使核武器具备特有的强冲击波、光辐射、早期核辐射、放射性沾染和核电磁脉冲等杀伤破坏作用。核武器的出现，对现代战争的战略战术产生了重大影响。原子弹主要是利用核裂变释放出来的巨大能量来起杀伤作用的一种武器。它与核反应堆一样，依据的同样是核裂变链式反应。

按理，反应堆既然能实现链式反应，那么只要使它的中子增殖系数k大于1，不加控制，链式反应的规模将越来越大，则最终会发生爆炸。也就是说，反应堆也可以成为一颗“原子弹”。实际上也是这样，若增殖系数k大于1而不加控制的话，反应堆确实会发生爆炸，所谓反应堆超临界事故就是属于这样一种情况。

但是，反应堆重达几百吨、几千吨，无法作为武器使用。而且在这种情况下，裂变物质的利用率很低，爆炸威力也不大。因此，要制造原子弹，首先要减小临界质量，同时要提高爆炸威力。这就要求原子弹必须利用快中子裂变体系，装药必须是高浓度的裂变物质，同时要求装药量大大超过临界质量，以使增殖系数k远远大于1。

原子弹

当原子核内部发生变化时会释放出巨大的能量,这句话...

不一定。
.
也有可能是吸收大量能量！
.
1、当轻元素聚变时，fussion，确实是放出能量，如太阳上聚变反应；
.
2、当重元素裂变时，fision，也确实是放出能量，如原子弹爆炸；
.
3、这两个反应的结果，是趋近于26号元素铁 iron。
.
4、上面的两个过程如果反过来，就是吸收大量能量，而不是放出大量能量。
.

比结合能较小的原子核转化为比结合能较大的原子核...

结合能是指要把原子分解成核子，也就是说全部分解成质子和中子，所需要额外提供的能量。如果我们假设构成不同物质的两个核子，分开之后的状态，也就是能量都相同，那么结合能越大，就意味着想要分开核子，需要提供的能量就越多，但分开之后总能量相同，根据能量守恒定律，说明一开始，由两个核子构成的物质所具有的能量就越小，原子核越稳定。也就是说，比结合能越小，反而说明原子本身具有的能量越大，合并成一个比结合能大的原子核，就需要放出能量了。

为什么原子核释放的能量如此巨大？

E=MC方 M是质量,C是光速.C方就是光速的平方.
原子能是质量转为能量,光速很大,也就是平方后更大.
而关于质量减少,因为他就是通过将质量转为能量所产生,固然减少.
普通的高一生,自己的理解,你参考下吧.

为什么核子结合成原子核时要释放能量，可以不从质...

为什么核子结合成原子核时要释放能量，可以不从质量亏损来解释
核子相互结合成原子核时,一定会有质量亏损,释放能量.这是对的,实验上也已经验证了,对于所有能观测到的原子核,都成立.
原子核有一个指标,叫“结合能”.就是指由自由核子状态结合成原子核,会释放出的能量.实验上已经测过了所有现在观测得到的原子核,所有的结合能都是释放能量的.
补充一点,虽然核子核子结合成原子核一定释放能量,但是原子核与原子核结合却不一定释放能量!因为有些原子核结合得更“紧”.像铁元素,是结合能最大的原子核,说明核子结合成铁原子核,平均每核子放出的能量最大.所以如果铁原子核再与其他原子核结合成更重的原子核,则会吸收能量.

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